Is China Buying The World? Global Banking Scenario Review Through Pdf

Is China Buying The World:

China has overtaken the United States as the world’s greatest economy (in PPP terms). It possesses the world’s biggest foreign reciprocity reserves
and has thirty companies in the FT five hundred list of the world’s biggest companies. ‘The Chinese Rise’ and ‘The Chinese Century’ are phrases normally used by media these days. Is China buying the world? In this position, we carry a concise review of the present global banking scenario.

China’s increasing clout in Global financial institutions:

The post world war-2^nd global financial place has been dominated by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, as well as known as the Bretton Wood twins. But of late, the world as a complete and Eurasia, in particular, has played host to the overtures of China, specifically in the financial scene. Let’s us see in few of the institutions made or revamped under the attentive eyes of The Dragon.

Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, AIIB:

• 57 nation lender (37 regional and 20 non-regional founding members).
• Headquartered in Beijing.
• Aimed to fund the infrastructure needs of the countries in Asia. ADB notes a $800 billion infrastructure funding gap in the region.
• The capital of the bank is $100 billion.

China has veto power in decision making:

• India, Russia also members.
• Despite objections from the US, European countries like Britain, France, Germany andUS’ allies like Australia and South Korea have decided to participate in it.

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, EBRD:

• EBRD had been created to reinforce the unipolar global world order post-nineteen ninety one USSR collapse.
• The main region of its focus is the Eastern Europe, which integrate and continues to receive integrated (as recent Ukraine coup points) to the western institutional hub.
• The focus region now ranges from Central Europe to Central Asia.
• Biggest shareholder is the United States.
• Headquarters: London.
• Founded in nineteen ninety one. Owned by sixty five countries and two EU institutions.

EBRD recently approved the China’s application to join it:

Suma Chakrabarti is the current president of the bank.

New Development Bank, NDB:

• NDB is the outcome of the Fortaleza declaration of the BRICS countries.
• Treaty in force in July 2015.

Headquartered in Shanghai, China:

• Authorized capital of $one hundred billion, with initial subscribed capital of $five hundred billion, equally contributed by the 5 members (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). New members can join but the share of BRICS nations can never be less than 55%.
• All the 5 countries have the same voting rights.
• KV Kamath is the president of the bank.

African Development Bank:

• Formed in 1964.
• Headquartered at Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
• It was formed in the post-colonial period, along with the African Union.
• China recently agreed to fund the African Development Bank with $2 billion as part of Africa Growing Together Fund.

Inter-American Development Bank:

• Established in 1959.
• Headquartered at New York.
• It is the biggest source of development financing in the Latin America and the Caribbean for economic and social development and regional integration.
• US has 30% shares in the $70 billion capital of the bank. Combined with European members, it can veto the decisions of the bank.
• China became the forty eighty member of this bank, contributing $three hundred fifty million to finance development projects in the region.

International Finance Corporation (under World Bank):

• It is a member of the World Bank group.
• International Finance Corporation was founded in the 1956.
• Headquartered at Washington DC.
• It mainly offers investment, advisory and asset management services to encourage private sector development in the developing countries.
• China is increasingly using the IFC route to channel its foreign exchange reserves.

Silk Road fund:

• It is a state-owned investment fund of the Chinese govt. to foster increased investment in countries along the One Road-One Belt initiative.
• Silk Road fund was founded in the 2014, headquartered in Beijing.
• China has pledged $ forty billion for the creation of this investment fund.

SCO Development Bank:

A new bank proposed under the auspices of the Shanghai Corporation Organisation, SCO.

Reasons for the current investment spree of China:

The slow pace of reforms of the Bretton Woods institutions:

The United States of America indeed hold a veto in the decision making of these bodies and also in appointments of the center heads. As such, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank select to stay as the vestiges of the old unipolar world order, and not adapt to the changing tunes of the time. Increasing countries like China and India are largely disappointed along with united status-quo mentality and select to tread a latest path.

China runs a present account surplus economy and has beefed up foreign exchange reserves to the tune of around $ three trillion (via it is coming down at a brisk pace, of late). President Xi is seeking for possible Greenfield regions to make the foreign exchange more productive. The 01 Road-One Belt initiatives and the setting up of the latest growth banks are part of this larger aim.

China is shifting from an export-led investment model to a domestic consumption led investment model. To aid its erstwhile export-led model, it needed to keep the Chinese currency, Renminbi, always depreciated and thus boost its export by competitive pricing of its products. This was achieved by investing in American treasury bonds (and thus appreciating dollars & keeping Renminbi value high). Now, when the development priority is shifting to domestic consumption-led model, it no longer needs to continue investing in American bonds, which is low-interest yielding, and can be put to better use by funding investment elsewhere.

China’s Peaceful-Growth Theory:

India nation has eternally accused China of a policy of encircling, the String of Pearls principle. Funding peaceful growth projects using these investment banks may assist China to nullify this posturing of India nation and develop its soft power credentials in the Instantly neighborhood, thus attacking the US’ Pivot to Asia strategy as well.

As noted supra, China is shifting to a domestic consumption led economic development pattern. As such, China is planning to deploy elsewhere the generative competence garnered over the past decades, which had fuelled the export-led growth model. This is obvious by Chinese companies aggressively bidding for projects in the Sri Lanka (Colombo port), Pakistan (Gwadar port), Maldives (GMR airport), Africa (Djibouti port) & others. Bids are won by giving soft loans directly from sovereign funds of China set up under apart names.

Global financial crisis of two thousand eight significantly shook up the reliability of the founded financial ecosystem centered on International Monetary Fund and World Bank. The intervention of these 02 had minimal implications at the global economic scenario and the world has still not escaped from the aftermath of the recession. The trouble also undermined the credibility of G7, and increasing countries started seeing for fresh leadership, which China was walling to bestow.

Above all, there is a vast gap in the demand and supply of infrastructure investment funds. Existing centers including World Bank and Asian Development Banks are not eligible to meet this growing gap, which China aims to fill.

Domestic Banking in China:

If banks in world are arranged on the basis of their helps (loans-given), Chinese banks will grab four out of the first 5 posts.  The biggest bank in the world continues to be Beijing-based Industrial & Commercial Bank of China Ltd. along with $3.5 trillion in property portfolio. All four banks in the top 05 – Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, and Bank of China – are state-owned. These banks are the engine of credit driving the Chinese economy, generating more than 03-quarters of its all financing. Don’t perches the argument that this is yet more proof of China’s gathering economic clout. It is not.

Chinese banks are seeing down the barrel of a staggering RMB 8 trillion – or $1.7 trillion – worth of losses according to the French investment bank Societe Generale. Put another way, sixty percent of capital in the China’s banks is at peril as authority’s commencement the dangerous procedure of reining in the debt-bloated and unprofitable state-owned enterprise (SOE) field. There are various who believe China need a massive bailout package.

Conclusion:

As Peter Nolan had once argued, the visit that China is purchasing the world is damaging to international relations. Chinese firms still have only a negligible presence in high-income countries. Only time may say whether Chinese is purchasing the world or it is on the verge of a collapse.

And from India’s perspective, the initial of the coffers of the Chinese foreign exchange is a blessing. As we are seeing for more funds and investments in our flagship schedule/ programs ranging from ‘Make in India’ to ‘Start-up India’, India nation must be open to her big brother in the Asia. But as always, we are required to tread with caution.

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